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Acute toxicity is characterized by immediate adverse effects that occur shortly after a single exposure to a toxic substance. These effects are typically severe and can manifest within minutes to hours, depending on the substance and the individual's sensitivity. Acute toxicity is often associated with substances that can cause significant harm or even death in high doses or when exposure occurs in a short time frame.

Understanding acute toxicity is crucial in pest control as it helps technicians make informed decisions about the products they use and the safety precautions necessary during application. For instance, knowing that a pesticide has acute toxic effects emphasizes the importance of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) and following application guidelines to mitigate risk.

The other options describe different aspects of toxicity. Long-term adverse effects result from chronic exposure, which is distinct from acute toxicity. Minor irritations can occur with many substances but do not define acute toxicity, as they may not be serious or immediate. Cumulative effects refer to the combined impact of toxins over time rather than the immediate effects seen in acute toxicity cases. Understanding these distinctions helps pest control technicians assess risks and implement safety measures effectively.